Mind You!~

0270
26 Ogos 2008

Here’s an update!!!

1.1 Background of study

Soy milk is a soy product which is rich in protein and carbohydrates. It is extracted from ground soybeans to form a colloidal solution (Zhang et al., 2005; Guo et al., 1997). The major health benefit of soy products is their use as a dairy substitute in lactose intolerant patients. The enrichment of the protein fraction from soy products yields a high value protein concentrate with enormous economical potential in the health food industry. (Akoum et al., 2006).

The market for soybean protein products received a substantial boost in 1999 when the US government allowed a health claim for food products containing at least 6.25 g of soy protein per serving. To meet the demand, a new generation of functional soy protein ingredients had to be created using innovative technology (Kumar et al., 2004).

The use of membrane separations using ultrafiltration in the manufacture of soy proteins has generated considerable interest, recently (Kumar et al., 2004). Ultrafiltration (UF) gives higher yield and superior functional properties of the UF soy product, in addition to the benefits of the non-thermal and non-chemical nature of the UF process, compared to the traditional methods (Kumar et al., 2004; Cheryan, 1998).

In optimizing the cross-flow UF membrane filtration process of soy proteins, membrane fouling is one of the most important factors that will affect the membrane performance (Furukawa et al., 2008). Fouling of a membrane can observed when the permeate flux in an ultrafiltration process does not increased linearly with transmembrane pressure beyond a certain point. The pressure range in which the permeate flux increases with increase in transmembrane pressure is referred to as the pressure dependant region, a region where the membrane is at its optimum performance (Ghosh, 2003).

Therefore, in this study a range values of TMP will be tested to identify the value of TMP that give a better performance to the flat sheet membrane in fractionating soy protein from soy milk.

1.2 Problem statements

Membrane processes play a critical role in the purification of biotechnology products. The greatest interest of the membrane processes has been in the application of the pressure-driven processes of ultrafiltration, microfiltration, and virus filtration. (Reis et. al., 2007)

Over the last 2 decades, new membranes, modules, and systems have been developed specifically to meet the requirements of the biotechnology industry for higher productivity, lower cost of production, and increased development speed. The optimization of the process seems to be the only way to achieve all the requirements of the growing industry. There are few published papers that discussed about the optimized condition in ultrafiltration process under the effects of transmembrane pressure, but only little of the few numbers used soy milk as raw materials.

From soy milk point of view, the researchers has only explored on the exact denaturation pressures for soy protein fractions (Zhang et al. 2005), and also the effect of the initial permeate flux to membrane fouling (Furukawa et al. 2008). There is no research that has been done to soy milk with manipulated transmembrane pressure. The only research that has been done by manipulating the transmembrane pressure to the performance of membrane is only to the model beer (Thomassen et al. 2005).

Thus this research is important to know the range of transmembrane pressure that can be used in order to fractionate soy protein from soy milk, at the best performance of the membrane.

1.3 Objective

The main objective of this research is to investigate the effects and range of the transmembrane pressure (TMP) that give high performance to the flat sheet membrane.

1.4 Scope of study

The soy milk is undergoing the ultrafiltration process at various transmembrane pressure values. The scopes of this study are:
a. To investigate the range of transmembrane pressure that the membrane can withstand.
b. To investigate the highest permeate flux the membrane can achieve.
c. To measure the concentration of soy protein transmitted through the membrane.
d. To calculate the retention ratio of the soy protein at the membrane.

Mind You!~
Nak update sangat, amik ni…
Baca, n pahamkan...
Nanti beta buat kuiz!

To-whom-it-may-concern
Jangan tambahkan tekanan sedia ada
Banyak benda yang perlu diprioritikan
Dan YT jatuh ke tempat kedua, ketiga

Believe me, I will not abandon YT
But do understand, I’m at the state where I feel like if I can cut myself into 18 pieces and do all the tasks that I have
So please understand

Hopefully, I will be back to this world
At that time, together we will rock this YT!!!

Take care ok!!!

---

:::YTBACK!!!:::

---